This is my new Family History Series, where I share the stories of my ancestors. Past posts of a genealogical nature have connected me with people in ways I never thought possible, and I’d like to see who else might get in touch with me as I post about those who are part of my family tree.
THOMAS HENRY CARTWRIGHT
December 23, 1814…..January 9, 1873
Written by Elizabeth Baldwin Dean
His Great Granddaughter
My Great Grandfather Thomas Henry Cartwright was born 23 December 1814 in Upholland, Wigan, England. He was the son of Joseph Cartwright and Jane Glover. As a young man he learned the trade of Blacksmithing and worked at that trade and other odd jobs that were available. He married Sarah Yates, his first wife, 25 Sept. 1836 in the Parish of Standish, Lancaster, England. They had 3 Children. Thomas was baptized without telling his wife. She became very upset and used some bad language. Some of her non-Mormon friends advised her not to speak too much against the L.D.S. saints, for she might become herself. She replied, “I hope to God, if ever I am such a fool, that I’ll be drowned in the attempt.” A short time after, her husband talked to her about the truths of the Gospel, she consented to go to some meetings and hear for herself. She was very sorry about her conduct in front of everyone and she requested to be baptized privately. The creek that was usually used had been overflowing its banks, but her husband and elder Pugmire thought everything would be all right. After the ordinances were performed and they were walking out. The bank gave way and the Elder and Mrs. Cartwright went under the water. Thomas tried to rescue her but she slipped away and her body was not found until the next day. After Mrs. Cartwright was buried, Thomas and Elder Pugmire were arrested and confined for six weeks and three days before their trial. The judge remarked to the jury that Baptism was an ordinance of our Religion that it was a sad accident that had occurred. They were then set free.
Thomas Cartwright married his second wife, Jane Allen, 4 June 1844 in St. Nicholas Church in the parish of Liverpool, Lancaster, England. She was the Daughter of Robert Allen and Julia and was his second wife and was my Great Grandmother. On June 3, 1850 they joined the Milo Andrus wagon train co for Salt Lake City. This was for the immigrating Saints for the season of 1850. They left the Missouri River on June 3, 1850. The company consisted of 266 persons and 51 wagons with Captain Milo Andrus in Charge. The company made good time and the Captain wrote that the company was in good shape. They got along pretty well until they got to Salt Creek. Here the stream was swollen so high that the bridges had been carried away and they had to go to work and build a raft to carry the wagons across safely to the other side. They arrived in Salt Lake 30 Aug. 1850. They were sealed in the endowment house in Salt Lake City, Utah 15 Nov 1852. They were blessed with six children. Two of their children being born after they moved to Cedar City, Iron County, Utah. Cedaressa was supposed to be the first white Girl to be born in Cedar City.
In the fall of this same year, Thomas was called to help settle Iron Co. Utah. There were so many hardships encountered in the settling of a new territory that any man with a family was not allowed to take them with him. For this reason Mrs. Cartwright remained in Salt Lake City with her family for sometime. During the winter she and her family suffered for want of food and clothing. One by one, the treasures she had brought with her from Ireland and England went to purchase these things for her family while the father was laboring to make a safe place for them to have a home. The settlers traveled as far as the present site of Parowan. Here they shopped to build the first house. While in the Parowan canyon, Thomas severed one toe and part of another while cutting logs. For the next two months, until the company moved to Cedar, he was unable to work. It was in April of 1852 that he moved his family from Salt Lake City. During the seven or eight years the family lived in Cedar, they suffered the hardships common to Pioneer life. They were without bread sometimes for days. Their only food was roots and grass that could be found. The little bit of wheat that they could obtain was ground into flour in a coffee mill. This flour was a carefully guarded and hoarded possession. My Great Grandmother was an excellent seamstress and a fine knitter. All of the stockings her grandchildren wore were made by her. When the iron works built by the Church started to operate, Thomas went tow work as a blacksmith once a week, he would get a small amount of black flour. Times were difficult and when work was scarce, he left his family again and went to California. Here he stayed for 18 months. After getting the money he had earned and buying clothes for his family, he returned to Cedar. He remained there until he moved to Beaver in 1858. After coming to Beaver, he and the Gillies Brothers erected the first woolen carding machine in Southern Utah. They did very well with this machine. Sometime later the woolen mill burned to the ground and they built another one. They also built two threshing machines. Thomas Cartwright made the first rollers for a sugar cane machine. People in Dixie were raising a great deal of sugar cane and converting it into molasses, he built the first plows in Iron County. He was one of the early singers in Cedar City and was in the first brass band in Beaver. Thomas was a member of the Beaver Minute Men. Thomas Cartwright died in 1888 in Beaver, Beaver County, Utah.
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Isn’t that baptism story crazy? (In a funny and very sad kind of way.)
















August 14th, 2011 on 9:34 am
I love that you are doing these posts! Family history is amazing stuff. It’s incredible the things out ancestors had to go through for us to get here today.
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August 14th, 2011 on 10:23 am
Thank you so much for sharing this!
That baptism story is kind of crazy…I guess you’ve always got to be careful what you wish for! I think it’s funny he got baptized behind her back, too — pretty ballsy! I wonder what she thinks about all of this now that she’s passed on…
It’s amazing what the pioneers endured simply because they had faith in the Lord. Whenever I think of my own pioneer heritage, my life quickly comes into perspective, and I am immediately humbled. Thank you for that reminder from your own family history!
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August 14th, 2011 on 10:45 am
very interesting! Since I’m the first member in my family…dont have the pioneer stories but I do have crazy family stories! Baptism story is crazy…thanks for sharing!
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August 14th, 2011 on 1:29 pm
Excellent post! The baptismal story is so sad and ironic.
It seems like most people’s ancestors lived incredibly hard lives. Sometimes I think our lives are easier now, but also much more complicated!
I am simply fascinated by genealogy. Thankfully, my aunt has traced our family history back to the 1600s.
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August 14th, 2011 on 4:22 pm
So earlier today, after reading your post, I asked my husband where Upholland, Wigan is. (We live in England. My husband is English and I’m American.) He said he didn’t know where it was specifically, other than Wigan. Then, this evening, he was printing out invoices of things people have ordered from our business so we can mail the stuff out tomorrow- and one of the orders is heading to Upholland, Wigan. I just thought it was a funny coincidence and I thought I’d share
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August 14th, 2011 on 7:44 pm
That is a crazy story about his first wife. Thanks for sharing. My grandfather was also in the sugar cane business but not in Utah.
Speaking of pioneer heritage, have you gotten the chance to see 17 Miracles yet? It was super sad but I still love it. It told so many interesting stories about the pioneers crossing to Utah.
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August 14th, 2011 on 8:55 pm
oh dear! yes, it is a funny story in a sad way! i wonder if they can laugh about it now
i like that you’re posting about your family history. our stake just had a family history extravaganza yesterday that i helped with. it really has motivated me get to work and learn more about my own family history stories.
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August 15th, 2011 on 7:33 am
I can add some bits to your story Jenna, firstly before I forget Liverpool and Standish are in the county of Lancashire (Lancaster is the town of the county).
As for the bank collapsing, it doesn’t surprise me.
Lancashire is known for its booming cotton trade due to it’s damp and rainy conditions. I grew up in the next town along so I know quite a lot about Wigan!
Loving this post, I’ve just started to chart my family history, although it isn’t as well kept as yours!
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Jenna Reply:
August 15th, 2011 at 8:45 am
Another girl commented below and said she grew up in that area. Wouldn’t it be funny if the two of you knew each other?
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August 15th, 2011 on 8:29 am
I have been following your blog since WeddingBee days but have never commented before. It seemed to me that we had little in common because I am English and not of your faith. However, I gasped when I read this post because I lived in Upholland since I was 10 until I was 25. My parents still do. I am a Wiganer born and bred! Anyway, I just wanted to share because it never ceases to amaze me what a very small world this is after all.
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Jenna Reply:
August 15th, 2011 at 8:32 am
Yay! It was connections like this that I was hoping would happen because of this family history series. Maybe our ancestors were BFFs?
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August 23rd, 2011 on 7:23 pm
Do you think you could state paternal or maternal side of your family so those of us who are related to you can know where they fit into our genealogy?
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October 29th, 2011 on 4:32 pm
Thomas Henry Cartwright is my husband’s 3rd Great Grandfather.
Family records show his date of death at 10 Jan 1872. He was the first Blacksmith in Beaver.
THOMAS HENRY CARTWRIGHT
Born 13 December 1814 – Wigan, Lancashire, England
Died – 9 Jan 1873, Beaver, Beaver County, Utah
Arrived in Utah – 30 August 1849, Milo Andrus Company
Married:
*(1) Sarah Jane Yates (2) Jane Allen (3) Catherine Beswich (Hooton)
*Sarah Jane Yates was born Sep 1812 in Upholland, Wigan, Lancashire, England. She married Thomas Henry Cartwright, 25 September 1836. Died, 23 Dec 1843 at Crue, Chestershire, England. Sarah and Thomas were the parents of three daughters: Jane Cartwright, born 31 Dec 1837; Sarah Ann Cartwright, born 12 Jun 1840; and Ellen Cartwright, born 16 Feb 1842. Ellen was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England. Ellen Cartwright married James Horace Skinner 1 August 1860. She died 7 Aug 1928 in Beaver, Beaver County, Utah.
Written by great-granddaughter Susie C. Bullock – 10 March 1962
Re-typed by Asenath (Jean) Tolton (wife of Clark L. Tolton: great-grandson of Thomas H. Cartwright)
2 July 1992.
Copied by Dorothy Drew Loveridge (wife of Elroy A. Loveridge 2nd great grandson of Thomas H. Cartwright) 19 May 2002.
References: Used by Thomas A. Mathew
1. Frank Esshom Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah pg. 199, 797
2. Crossing the Plains Index G. S. Film 38355 pt. 10
3. Documentary History of the Church v. 6
4. Certified copy of Marriage certificate of Thomas Cartwright and Sarah Yates obtained 24 Oct 1966 from the Parish church of St. Welfried, Standish, Lancaster, England.
5. Certified Copy of Marriage Certificate of Thomas Cartwright and Jane Allen obtained from St. Nicholas
Church in Liverpool, Lancaster, England 7 Dec 1966.
6. Temple Index Bureau.
7. Susie C. Cartwright Bullock DUP History of Thomas H. Cartwright.
THOMAS HENRY CARTWRIGHT
(Taken from the “History of the Church” Volume v1.)
Jonathan Pugmire, Senior, and Thomas Cartwright, discharged by Judge Whitehead, at Chester, England. The judge would not allow the costs of prosecution or witnesses to be paid by the Crown. It was very evident that the Church of England ministers were at the
bottom of the machinations, and were sorely discomfited by the result. I insert the statement of the unfortunate occurrence given by Jonathan Pugmire Jr.
CARTWRIGHT DROWNING – ACCIDENT AT A BAPTISM IN ENGLAND
Thomas Cartwright was baptized 6 November 1843, unknown to his wife, by Elder Jonathan Pugmire, Senior; but she had mistrusted he had gone to the water, and went to Pugmire’s house the same evening, and inquired where Tom was, (meaning her husband). Mrs. Pugmire answered she did not know.
After this, Mrs. Cartwright (Sarah Yates) went out and met them returning from the waters of baptism, and shouted-”Damn you, I’ll dip ye!” and expressing her determination to have revenge on Pugmire’s family, she used a great deal of very bad language.
Some neighbors (not belonging to the Church) advised her not to speak too much against the Latter-day Saints, as she might yet become convinced of the truth of their doctrines and be baptized herself. She (Sarah Yates Cartwright) replied, “I hope to God, if ever I am such a fool, that I’ll be drowned in the attempt.”
A short time afterwards, in consequence of her husband talking to her about the truths of the Gospel, she consented to go to Pugmire’s house and hear for herself.
After attending a few times, she told her husband she had a dream in which she saw it was a fearful thing to fall in the hands of the living God, and requested to be baptized.
Mrs. Pugmire talked with her, reminding her of her harsh expression. She confessed all, and said: “I am very sorry; and as my conduct is known to all this neighborhood, I do not wish to have my baptism public, but to have it done privately; and I wish no female to accompany me to the water but you.”
On the night of her baptism (23 November 1843), she was taken to the water by her husband and Elder Pugmire, witnessed by Mrs. Pugmire and James Moore. Previous to this time, Elder Pugmire, had baptized eight or ten persons in the same water.
On arriving at the water, they found the creek had over flown its banks, in consequence of a heavy rain, which had fallen that day. Elder Pugmire examined its banks, and concluded he could attend to the ordinance without going into the regular bed of the creek.
This was done; but on raising Mrs. (Sarah Yates) Cartwright from the water, and as they were walking out, they both went under the water.
It was afterwards discovered that the water had undermined the bank, and it gave way under their feet. Meantime, Thomas Cartwright leaped into the water and seized hold of his wife’s petticoat; but the water carried her off, and left the garment in his hand.
James Moore got hold of Elder Pugmire by the hair of his head, Mrs. Pugmire holding Moore’s hand, and thus they dragged Elder Pugmire out.
Moore then went to the village to give the alarm. On his return, he found Cartwright about one hundred yards from where he leaped in, with his head above water, holding on to the stump of a tree. He said he could not have remained in that situation one minute longer.
George Knowlen swan the stream and got him out; but his wife was not found until the day following. She was found about two hundred yards from where the accident occurred, standing upon her feet, with her head above the water. The stream had fallen about two feet.
On Pugmire reaching home, a Church of England minister had him arrested and dragged from his family the same evening, and kept in custody of a constable until a coroner’s inquest was held on the body of the deceased.
After she was buried, Cartwright was arrested, and both were sent to Chester jail to wait their trial before the judge. The were in confinement for six weeks and three days before the trial.
The judge (a Mr. Whitehead) remarked to the jury that baptism was an ordinance of our religion, and that it was a mere accident, which had occurred. He advised the jurymen to be very careful how they examined the case before them, that it was an ordinance instituted by God (at that moment the Lord spoke by the voice of thunder, which shook the court house,) and advised the prisoners to be very careful in the future to select a proper place for the performance of that rite. The men were then set free.
During their imprisonment, Pugmire had a vision, in which he was informed that they would be liberated; and he told Cartwright to be of good cheer, for they certainly would be acquitted.
Life of Thomas Henry Cartwright
Thomas Henry Cartwright was born 23 December 1814 in Upholland, Wegan, England. He was the son of Joseph Cartwright and Jane Allen. As a young man he learned the trade of blacksmith and worked at that trade and other odd jobs that he could find.
He married Sarah Jane Yates on 25 September 1836 in the Parish of Standish, Lancaster, England. He had her sealed to him 3 November 1857 in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, Utah. This marriage was blessed by three children: Jane, born 31 Dec 1837 in Wigan, Lancaster, England; Sarah Ann, Born 12 Jan 1840 in Lancaster, and Ellen born 16 Feb 1842 in Lancaster also.
After Sarah’s death from drowning (23 Nov 1843), Thomas married again on 4 Jun 1844 to Jane Allen, in St. Nicholas Church in the Parish of Liverpool, Lancaster, England. She was the daughter of Robert and Julie Lowrie Allen. They were sealed in the Endowment House in Salt Lake City, Utah 15 Nov 1852. This marriage was blessed by six children: Joseph Hyrum, born 6 Mar 1845 in Liverpool, Lancaster, England; Mary, born 2 Oct 1846 in Liverpool; Thomas Henry, born 6 Sep 1848 in New York City, Carolina born 28 April 1850 on the Ohio River in Ohio or Kentucky; Cedaressa, born 9 May 1852 in Cedar City, Iron County, Utah and Jane, born6 Jun 1854 in Cedar City, Iron County, Utah.
It is said that Thomas and his family came to the United States on the steamship Clinton and landed in the Hudson River in New York City (there is some discrepancy in dates 1848 – 1850). They moved west in 1850 and Caroline was born as they sailed down the Ohio River.
On 3 Jun 1850 they joined the Milo Andrus Company from Salt Lake City. This was the company of emigrating Saints for the season of 1850. They left the Missouri River 3 Jun 1850. It consisted of 266 persons and 51 wagons in charge of Captain Milo Andrus. This company had 9 horses, 6 mules, 184 oxen, 122 cows, 44 sheep, 6 yearlings, 19 dogs, one pig, and 2 ducks.
The company made good time and, on the 11 Jul 1850, the Captain wrote that, “…the company was in good traveling order. We are all well, there is no sickness, we have met with no accident and are getting along well. We have passed the graves of hundreds, yet God has preserved us for which we feel thankful. Peace and union prevail in our midst.”
Later he wrote: “We got along pretty well as far as Salt Creek. Here the stream was swollen so high that the bridges had been carried away and we were obliged to go to work and build a raft to carry our wagons over. We got across in safety. Elder Hyde had told the company the day it was organized that, if we would be faithful and keep the name of God sacred, we should be blessed with health and our lives would be preserved.”
“We endeavored to do our duty to the best of our ability and the promise of God was fulfilled toward us. There was one death and one birth; we were just as many when we started as when we landed in Salt Lake Valley.”
After a long and tedious journey we arrived in Salt Lake City 30 Aug 1850.
Thomas Bullock, noting the arrival of this company, writes: “About 5 p.m. Captain Andrus passed the office having banners inscribed, “Holiness to the Lord”, on one side of the wagon and on the other side, “Hail to the Governor of Deseret”.
In the fall of this same year he was called to help settle Iron County. There were hardships to be encountered in the settling of a new territory, that any man with a family of six, was not allowed to take them with him. It was for this reason that Mrs. Cartwright and her family remained in Salt Lake City for some time. That winter she and her family suffered for want of food and clothing. The only bread she had was course bran. Oft times she gave her silver spoons, a bit of silk, or a little tea for buttermilk. One by one the treasures she had brought from England and Ireland went to purchase food and clothing for her little brood, while their father was laboring on the house making a safe place for them to have a home.
The company of settlers traveled as far as the present site of Parowan where they stopped to build their first house. While in Parowan Canyon, Thomas Cartwright had the misfortune of severing one toe completely and part of another while cutting logs. For the next two months until the company moved on to Cedar, he was unable to work.
It was in April 1852 that he returned to Salt Lake City to move his family south. On May ninth the first white child to be born in Cedar arrived in the world. This was Cederessa, Thomas and Jane’s daughter.
During the seven or eight years the family lived in Cedar they experienced all the hardships common to pioneer life. They were without bread sometimes for days. Their only food was roots and whatever grass that could be found. The little wheat that was possible to be obtained was ground into flour in a coffee mill. This flour was one of the most carefully guarded and hoarded possessions.
At the time the three eldest girls, Mary, Carolina, and Ellen, were very much in need of clothing. As it was impossible to get cloth, their mother (actually their stepmother, Jane Allen) colored, with alum and sagebrush, a wagon cover and made this into dresses for them. She also made them underskirts out of a piece of store carpet brought with them from England. She was and excellent seamstress and a fine knitter. All the stockings her grandchildren wore were made by her.
When the church erected an Iron Works about a mile and half from the Cartwright home, Thomas, who was a blacksmith by trade, worked in it. Once a week, as part of his wages, he would get a small amount of black flour.
Times, however, was difficult and there was not much work to be done in his line. Leaving his family again he went to California. Here he stayed for eighteen months, and after getting the money due him, and buying clothes for the family, he returned to Cedar City. He remained there until 1858 when he moved to Beaver in the adjoining county.
Soon after coming to Beaver Thomas and the Gillies brothers erected the first woolen carding machine in Southern Utah. They did very well with this machine, for practically every family had a few sheep and carding had been done, prior to this, by hand. When sometime later, the machine and the building burned down, Thomas and the Gillies brothers built another. They also built two threshing machines.
One of these was sold to Edward Patten of Manti, Utah in exchange for grain and cows. Thomas also made the first rollers for a sugar cane machine, and the first plows in Iron County. The people further south were raising a great deal of sugar cane and converting it into molasses.
Thomas was a member of the High Priest’s Quorum and belonged to the first brass band in Beaver.
Thomas married and became a polygamist on 23 Apr 1866 when he was sealed to Catherine Beswich (Hooton) in the Endowment House. There were no children.
Thomas died in Beaver, Beaver County, Utah in 1880. (Discrepancies in year of death)
Compiled by Thomas A. Mather, fall 1977
Additional Information for Thomas Henry Cartwright’s history from Ilane Shalton.
One of the proprietors and owners of the Iron Works now erected on Coal Canal in Iron County was Thomas Cartwright.
Thomas Cartwright was one of the early groups of singers in the old fort, which is now Cedar City.
Thomas’s picture is in ‘Monuments to Courage’, at Brigham Young University, Provo Utah. BYU 979.245/Ald pg. 112b. Also Thomas was the first blacksmith.
Thomas received his Patriartical Blessing 7 Dec 1850 at Salt Lake City, Utah. The patriarch was John Smith.
References:
1. History of Iron County Mission and History of Parowan by Luelia Adams Dalton. (BYU)
2. Monuments to Courage. (BYU)
3. Patriartical Blessing Index pt. 11-BYU.
Quite a number of Cedar City choir members moved to Beaver in 1856-58 and among them were Thomas Cartwright and William B. Smith.
Thomas Cartwright was a member of the Beaver minutemen.
Thomas Henry Cartwright (1814-1873) Mormon Pioneer
No stranger to controversy during his fifty-eight years, this husband of my 3rd cousin 4 x removed, was the son of Joseph Cartwright of Wigan. On Sunday, 25th September 1836 he was married to Sarah Jane Yates at Standish in Lancashire. The couple had three daughters during the next six years as they moved about the county going wherever Tom’s work as an engine-smith took him. For a while they lived in Warrington before moving to Walton near Bootle, Liverpool. It was here that their youngest daughter Ellen was born in 1842.The following year the family had moved to Crewe, Cheshire and it was here that Thomas was baptised into the Church of Latter Day Saints by Jonathan Pugmire (1799-1876).Pugmire, who was also trained as a blacksmith, worked for the Grand Junction Railway Company in Liverpool. It may have been there that the two men first met. When the company transfered to Crewe its workers followed.
It was in Crewe that Tom Cartwright became embroiled with the authorities as a result of his wife’s accidental death.
Cartwright Drowning Accident
Jonathan Pugmire
[The following is a statement given by Jonathan Pugmire, Jr. about his father's involvement in a baptism at Crewe, England. His statement was recorded in the History of the Church, Period I, Vol. 6, pages 160-162.]
“Thomas Cartwright was baptized November 6, 1843, unknown to his wife, by Elder Jonathan Pugmire Senior; but she had mistrusted he had gone to the water and went to Pugmire’s house the same evening and inquired where Tom was (meaning her husband). Mrs. Pugmire answered she did not know.
After this, Mrs. Cartwright went out and met them returning from the waters of baptism and shouted – ‘Damn you, I’ll dip ye!’ and expressing her determination to have revenge on Pugmire’s family, she used a great deal of very bad language.
Some of the neighbors (not belonging to the Church) advised her not to speak too much against the Latter-day Saints, as she might yet become convinced of the truth of their doctrines and be baptized herself. She replied, ‘I hope to God, if ever I am such a fool, that I’ll be drowned in the attempt!’
A short time afterwards, in consequence of her husband’s talking to her about the truths of the Gospel, she consented to go to Pugmire’s house and hear for herself. After attending a few times she told her husband she had a dream, in which she saw it was a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God, and requested to be baptized.
Mrs. Pugmire talked with her, reminding her of her harsh expression. She confessed all, and said, ‘I am very sorry; and as my conduct is known to all this neighborhood, I do not wish to have my baptism public, but to have it done privately; and I wish no female to accompany me to the water but you.’
On the night of her baptism (November 23, 1843), she was conducted to the water by her husband and Elder Pugmire, witnessed by Mrs. Pugmire and James Moore. Previous to this time, Elder Pugmire had baptized eight or ten persons in the same place.
On arriving at the water, they found the creek had overflowed its banks, in consequence of a heavy rain which had fallen that day. Elder Pugmire examined its banks, and concluded he could attend to the ordinance without going into the regular bed of the creek.
This was done; but on raising Mrs. Cartwright, and as they were walking out, they both went under the water. It was afterwards discovered that the water had undermined the bank, and it gave way under their feet. Meantime, Thomas Cartwright leaped into the creek and seized hold of his wife’s petticoat; but the water carried her off, and left the garment in his hand.
James Moore got hold of Elder Pugmire by the hair of his head, Mrs. Pugmire holding Moore’s hand, and thus they dragged him out.
Moore then ran to the village to give the alarm. On his return, he found Cartwright about one hundred yards from where he leaped in, with his head above water, holding on to the stump of a tree. He said he could not have remained in that situation one minute longer.
George Knowlen swam the stream and got him out; but his wife was not found until the day following, where she was found about two hundred yards from where the accident occurred, standing upon her feet, with her head above water, the stream having fallen about two feet. On Pugmire reaching home, a Church of England minister had him arrested and dragged from his family the same evening, and kept in custody of a constable until a coroner’s inquest was held on the body of the deceased.
After she was buried, Cartwright was arrested, and both were sent to Chester jail to wait their trial before the judge of assize. They were in confinement six weeks and three days before the trial came on. The judge (Whitehead) remarked to the jury that baptism was an ordinance of our religion, and that it was a mere accident which had occurred. He advised the jurymen to be very careful how they examined the case before them–that it was an ordinance instituted by God (at that moment theLord spoke by the voice of thunder, which shook the court house) and advised the prisoners to be very careful in the future to select a proper place for the performance of that rite. They were then set free.”
Jane Allen (1818-1888) 2nd wife.
Six months after the death of his first wife Tom returned to Liverpool to marry Irishwoman Jane Allen. Two children were born in the port before the family set sail for a new life with the Mormon community in the United States. During the sailing era of the 1840s, the voyages to New York averaged about five weeks. It was in New York on 6th September 1848 that Jane gave birth to their second son, Thomas Henry Cartwright. In 1850 the family set off for Utah. The family travelled on the Steam-boat Clinton along the Ohio River to Kentucky. It was on board the vessel that another daughter, Caroline Clinton Cartwright (1850-1892) was born on 28th April. From the Ohio River the settlers travelled down the Missouri River to Kanesville (now called Council Bluffs).
It was from that town that the Milo Andrus Company departed on 3 June 1850 along the Pioneer Trail. It consisted of 266 people and 51 wagons in charge of Captain Milo Andrus. This company had 9 horses, 6 mules, 184 oxen, 122 cows, 44 sheep, 6 yearlings, 19 dogs, one pig, and 2 ducks. The company made good time and, on the 11th July, 1850, the Captain wrote that, “…the company was in good traveling order. We are all well, there is no sickness, we have met with no accident and are getting along well. We have passed the graves of hundreds, yet God has preserved us for which we feel thankful. Peace and union prevail in our midst.”
Later he wrote: “We got along pretty well as far as Salt Creek. Here the stream was swollen so high that the bridges had been carried away and we were obliged to go to work and build a raft to carry our wagons over. We got across in safety. Elder Hyde had told the company the day it was organized that, if we would be faithful and keep the name of God sacred, we should be blessed with health and our lives would be preserved. We endeavored to do our duty to the best of our ability and the promise of God was fulfilled toward us. There was one death and one birth; we were just as many when we started as when we landed in Salt Lake Valley. After a long and tedious journey we arrived in Salt Lake City 30 Aug 1850.”
Mormon Pioneers crossing the plains
Thomas Bullock, noting the arrival of this company, writes: “About 5 p.m. Captain Andrus passed the office having banners inscribed, “Holiness to the Lord”, on one side of the wagon and on the other side, “Hail to the Governor of Deseret”.
Iron County
In the autumn of 1850 Tom was called upon to help settle Iron County. Such were the hardships to be encountered in the settling of a new territory, that Mrs Cartwright and her family remained in Salt Lake City for some time, though she and her family at times lacked food and clothing. The only bread she had was coarse bran and often she need to hock her silver spoons, or trade a bit of silk, or a little tea for buttermilk. One by one the treasures she had brought from England and Ireland went to purchase food and clothing for her children, while their father was working away.
Iron County 1895
Tom loses a toe
The company of settlers travelled as far as the present site of Parowan where they stopped to build their first house. It was while in Parowan Canyon that Thomas Cartwright had an accident and severed one toe completely and part of another while cutting logs. For the next two months until the company moved on to Cedar, he was unable to work. In April 1852 that he returned to Salt Lake City to collect his family and move them south. On 9th May 1852 the first white child to be born in Cedar arrived in the world. This was Cederessa, Thomas and Jane’s daughter.
During the seven or eight years the family lived in Cedar City they experienced all the hardships common to pioneer life. They were without bread sometimes for days. Their only food was roots and whatever grass that could be found. The little wheat that was possible to be obtained was ground into flour in a coffee mill. This flour was one of the most carefully guarded and hoarded possessions. At the time the three eldest girls, Mary, Carolina, and Ellen, were very much in need of clothing. As it was impossible to get cloth, their stepmother, Jane coloured a wagon cover with alum and sagebrush and made this into dresses for them. She also made them underskirts out of a piece of store carpet brought with them from England. She was and excellent seamstress and a fine knitter. All the stockings her grandchildren wore were made by her. When the church erected an Iron Works, about a mile and half from the Cartwright home, Thomas, who was a blacksmith by trade, worked there. Once a week, as part of his wages, he would get a small amount of black flour. Times, however, were difficult and there was not much work to be done in his line.
The Mountain Meadows Massacre
The mass slaughter of an emigrant wagon train took place at Mountain Meadows, Utah Territory, by a local Mormon militia and members of the Paiute Indian tribe on 11th September,1857. The incident began as an attack, quickly turned into a siege, and eventually culminated in the murder of the unarmed emigrants after their surrender. Of the party 120 men women and children, who were on their way from Arkansas to California, all except for seventeen children under eight years old were killed. After the massacre, the corpses of the victims were left decomposing on the open plain and the surviving children were distributed to local Mormon families. It was two years later that the federal government was finally able to reunite the surviving emigrant children with their extended families and bury the dead.
The Arkansas emigrants were passing through the Utah Territory at a tense time in the Utah. Although President Fillmore had selected Brigham Young the President of the LDS Church, as the first governor of the Territory gradually the amicable relationship between the Mormons and the federal government broke down. Things came to a head and President Buchanan decided to replace Young with Alfred Cummings.To back this up 2,500 troops were also sent by President James Buchanan with orders to restore US authority in the territory. Mormon leaders mustered a militia and made defiant speeches stating their determination to mount a defence of what they considered their rights. It was at this unfortunate juncture that the emigrants stopped to rest and regroup their approximately 800 head of cattle at Mountain Meadows, a valley within the Iron County Military District.
President Buchanan
Initially intending to encourage an Indian-led massacre, local militia leaders including Isaac C. Haight and John D. Lee conspired to lead militiamen disguised as Native Americans along with a contingent of Paiute tribesmen in an attack on the waggon train. The emigrants fought back and a siege ensued. When the Mormons discovered that they had been identified by the emigrants, Col. William H. Dame, head of the Iron County Brigade of the Utah militia, ordered their annihilation. Intending to leave no witnesses of Mormon complicity in the siege and also intending to prevent reprisals that would complicate the Utah War, militiamen induced the emigrants to surrender and give up their weapons. After escorting the emigrants out of their hasty fortification, the militiamen and their tribesmen auxiliaries executed the emigrants. Investigations, interrupted by the U.S. Civil War, resulted in nine indictments in 1874. Only John D. Lee was tried in a court of law, and after two trials, he was convicted. On March 23, 1877, a firing squad executed Lee at the massacre site.
Historians attribute the massacre to a combination of factors including war hysteria fueled by millennialism and strident Mormon teachings by senior LDS leaders including Brigham Young. These teachings included doctrines about God’s vengeance against those who had killed Mormon prophets, some of whom were from Arkansas. Scholars debate whether the massacre was caused by any direct involvement by Brigham Young, who was never officially charged and denied any wrongdoing. However, the predominant position among scholars of the incident is that Young and other church leaders helped create the conditions which made the massacre possible.
In 1857, Samuel Cartwright, 42, was a private in the Fourth Platoon attached to Company D led by Captain Joel White and the company was attached to Major Isaac C Haight’s 2nd Battalion. Benjamin Arthur was the sergeant of the platoon. Cartwright was in one of the detachments of Cedar City militiamen that rode to Mountain Meadows during the week of 7 to 11 September. He probably arrived on Tuesday, September 8. His role in the final massacre is not known with certainty although it seems likely that he was among the Cedar City militiamen who guarded the emigrant men as they left their wagon circle and marched toward the north end of the valley.
In 1859, Judge John Cradlebaugh’s arrest warrant listed Cartwright and he was also mentioned in T.B.H Stenhouse’s Rocky Mountain Saints, published in 1873. In 1875, during the first Lee trial, witness Samuel Pollock identified Cartwright as one of his companions on the march from Cedar City to Mountain Meadows. He was also listed in John D. Lee’s Mormonism Unveiled, published in 1877, and William Bishop’s list of “assassins” appended to it.
California
Leaving his family again he went to California. There he stayed for eighteen months, and after getting the money due him, and buying clothes for the family, he returned to Cedar City. He remained there until 1858 before he moved to Beaver in the adjoining county.
Soon after coming to Beaver Thomas and the Gillies brothers erected the first woolen carding machine in Southern Utah.They did very well with this machine, for practically every family had a few sheep and carding had been done, prior to this, by hand. When sometime later, the machine and the building burned down,Thomas and the Gillies brothers built another.They also built two threshing machines. One of these was sold to Edward Patten of Manti, Utah in exchange for grain and cows.Thomas also made the first rollers for a sugar cane machine, and the first plows in Iron County.The people further south were raising a great deal of sugar cane and converting it into molasses.
Thomas was a member of the High Priest’s Quorum and belonged to the first brass band in Beaver.
Polygamy, A Third Marriage
He married a third time and became a polygamist on 23 Apr 1866 when he was “sealed” to my cousin Catherine Beswick (Hooton) in the Temple at Salt Lake City. There were no children from this union. Catherine was at this time a widow, having previously been married to Peter Hooton, by whom she had three sons.
Catherine was the second wife of Peter Hooton who had previously been wed to Margaret Williams in 1839 in Stockport, Cheshire. Margaret may have died soon after travelling to the United States with her husband . (I suspect in childbirth).
It is interesting that in the 1880 American Census, after the death of her second husband, Catherine reverts to the name Mrs Hooton. She is living with two of her sons in Beaver City. This may have been for mere convenience, though polygamy was losing ground as being acceptable even within the Mormon community by this time.
Death of Tom
Thomas H Cartwright died in Beaver, Beaver County, Utah on 9th January 1873 and was buried at Mountain View Cemetery.
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